Metabolomic alterations in follicular fluid across female infertility conditions in IVF: a systematic review

Purpose This systematic review investigates the relationship between follicular fluid metabolomic profiles and different female infertility conditions, focusing on the molecular alterations associated with each condition. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was performed in the Embase, MEDLINE, and Cochrane databases. Study selection was carried out using the Rayyan platform based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results The follicular fluid metabolome appears to be influenced by various infertility-related factors. Key metabolites, including glucose, lactate, lipids (such as diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, sphingomyelins, and oleic acid), and amino acids (including lysine, valine, glutamate, histidine, and glutamine), were consistently reported as altered across the included studies. These findings suggest their potential relevance for advancing embryology research and clinical assisted reproduction. Conclusion Metabolomics, due to its analytical sensitivity and predictive potential, may contribute to improving in vitro fertilization (IVF) laboratory practices and enhancing clinical outcomes.