First 3D digital osteological archive of the woolly mammoth Mammuthus primigenius from the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

This paper presents the first 3D digital archive of the limb long bones of Mammuthus primigenius from the paleontological collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ZIN; Saint Petersburg, Russia).A total of 189 isolated bones from 14 localities and 84 bones from nine articulated M. primigenius skeletons were digitised.The digital collection additionally includes nine bones of Elephas maximus from the ZIN collection.Scanning was performed using a portable optical 3D scanner (EinScan Pro 2X), followed by processing in EXScan Pro software.For subsequent geometric morphometric analyses, a scheme of 120 three-dimensional semi-landmarks for the tibia is proposed, taking the preservation of the palaeontological material into account.Landmark placement was performed in 3D Slicer.