The hypothesis that habitual drivers become averse to exerting physical effort by walking was tested. In support of the hypothesis, distance thresholds for driving measured in a Swedish ( n = 60) and a U.S. sample ( n = 51) of undergraduates decreased with driving habit. Respondents in the U.S. sample were more frequent drivers and had a lower distance threshold than respondents in the Swedish sample.
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Gärling et al. (2000) studied this question.