Statistics for Technology: A Course in Applied Statistics

INTRODUCTION Outline of Statistics Simple Ways of Summarizing Data Introduction Graphical Methods Summary Statistics THEORY The Concept of Probability Probability and Statistics Some Definitions Types of Events Permutations and Combinations Random Variables Discrete Distributions The Discrete Probability Distribution The Binomial Distribution The Binomial Model Types of Distribution The Mean and Variance of the Binomial Distribution The Poisson Distribution Bivariate Discrete Distributions Continuous Distributions Definitions The Mean and Variance of Continuous Distributions The Normal Distribution Uses of the Normal Distribution Normal Probability Paper The Exponential Distribution Bivariate Continuous Distributions Estimation Point and Interval Estimates Properties of the Expected Value The Sampling Distribution of (INSERT SYMBOL) The Sampling Distribution of s2 Some Properties of Estimators General Methods of Point Estimation Interval Estimation Significance Tests Introduction Tests on a Sample Mean Comparing Two Sample Means The t- Test Applied to Paired Comparisons The x2 Goodness-of-Fit Test The F- test Distribution-Free or Non-Parametric Tests Power and Other Considerations Regression and Correlation Scatter Diagram Curve Fitting Regression Confidence Intervals and Significance Tests in Linear Regression The Coefficient of Determination Multiple and Curvilinear Regression Orthogonal Polynomials The Design of Regression Experiments The Correlation Coefficient Estimating the Regression Lines The Bivariate Normal Distribution Interpretation of the Correlation Coefficient APPLICATIONS Planning the Experiment Preliminary Remarks Measurements The Propagation of Error Improving Precision With Series and Parallel Arrangements Combining Dissimilar Estimates by the Method of Least Squares The Design and Analysis of Experiments-1: Comparative Experiments Some Basic Considerations in Experimental Design A Mathematical Model for Simple Comparative Experiments The Number of Replications Randomization The Analysis of a Randomized Comparative Experiment The Range Test One-Way Analysis of Variance Follow-Up Study of the Treatment Means Verifying the Model The Randomized Block Experiment Two-Way Analysis of Variance Latin Squares Balanced Incomplete Block Designs The Design and Analysis of Experiments-2: Factoral Experiments Introduction The Advantages of Complete Factorial Experiments The Design of Complete Factorial Experiments The Analysis of a Complete Factorial Experiment Follow-Up Procedure The 2n Factorial Design Fixed Effects and Random Effects Other Topics The Examination of Residuals Determination of Optimum Conditions Summary Quality Control Acceptance Sampling Operating Characteristic Curve Types of Sampling Schemes Rectifying Schemes The Military Standard Plan Sampling by Variables Practical Problems Process Control Control Charts for Samples Cusum Charts Prediction, System Identification, and Control Life Testing Problems in Measuring Reliability The Mathematical Distribution of Failure Times The Exponential Distribution Estimating the Conditional Failure Rate The Weibull Distribution Appendix A: The Relationships Between the Normal X2, t- and F-distributions Appendix B: Statistical Tables Table 1. Areas Under the Normal Curve Table 2. Percentage Points of Student's t- Distribution Table 3. Percentage Points of the x2 Distribution Table 4. Upper Percentage Points of the F- Distribution Table 5. Values of e-x Table 6. Percentage Points of the Distribution of the Studentized Range Table 7. Random Numbers Appendix C: Further Reading Appendix D: Some Other Topics Calculating the Mean and Standard Deviation of a Frequency Distribution Interpretation of the Sample Standard Deviation How to Round Numbers Stem-and-Leaf Plots and Box Plots Estimating and Testing a Proportion Appendix E: Some General Comments on Tackling Statistical Problems Preliminary Questions Collecting the Data Preliminary Data Analysis Choice of a More Elaborate Method Using a Computer Using a Library Presenting the Results Answers to Exercises