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Demand for embedded environmental sensors is increasing. One of the key sensor capabilities is the ability to measure salinity. In addition to understanding the environment, a salinity measurement is needed to estimate water density and to convert pressure to estimates of water depth. This outlines a low-cost sensor that combines an H-bridge and digital potentiometer to make an AC resistance measurement suitable for measuring salinity.
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Russ et al. (2010) studied this question.
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