The shielding of applications using trusted execution environments (TEEs) can provide strong security guarantees in untrusted cloud environments. When executing I/O operations, today's shielded execution frameworks, however, exhibit performance and security limitations: they assign resources to the I/O path inefficiently, perform redundant data copies, use untrusted host I/O stacks with security risks and performance overheads. This prevents TEEs from running modern I/O-intensive applications that require high-performance networking and storage.
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Thalheim et al. (2021) studied this question.
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