Patients reclassified with cardiac sarcoidosis had better 1-year transplant-free survival (82% vs. 45%, P=0.011) and less heart failure at presentation than those with true giant cell myocarditis.
Observational (n=73)
Yes
Does retrospective histological reanalysis of giant cell myocarditis cases lead to reclassification as cardiac sarcoidosis?
A significant proportion of giant cell myocarditis cases may be misdiagnosed cardiac sarcoidosis, highlighting the need for rigorous histological evaluation as the two conditions have different prognoses.
Absolute Event Rate: 82% vs 45%
p-value: p=0.011
AIMS: Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) and giant cell myocarditis (GCM) are inflammatory cardiomyopathies sharing histopathological and clinical features. Their differentiation is difficult and susceptible of confusion and apparent mistakes. The possibility that they represent different phenotypes of a single disease has been debated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We made a retrospective audit of 73 cases of GCM diagnosed in Finland since the late 1980s. All available histological material was reanalyzed as were other examinations pertinent to the distinction between GCM and CS. Finding granulomas in or outside the heart was considered diagnostic of CS and exclusive of GCM. Altogether 45 of the 73 cases of GCM (62%) were reclassified as CS. In all except one case, this was based on finding sarcoid granulomas that either had been originally missed (n = 29) or misinterpreted (n = 11) or were found in additional posttransplant myocardial specimens (n = 3) or samples of extracardiac tissue (n = 1) accrued over the disease course. Supporting the reclassification, patients relocated to the CS group had less heart failure at presentation (prevalence 20% vs. 46%, P = 0.017) and better 1 year transplant-free survival (82% vs. 45%, P = 0.011) than patients considered to represent true GCM. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing granulomas in or outside the heart remains a challenge for the pathologist. Given that CS and GCM are considered distinct diseases and granulomas exclusive of GCM, many cases of GCM, if thoroughly scrutinized, may need reclassification as CS. However, whether CS and GCM are truly different entities or parts of a one-disease continuum has not yet been conclusively settled.
Ekström et al. (2020) conducted an observational in Giant cell myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis (n=73). Cardiac sarcoidosis (reclassified) vs. True giant cell myocarditis was evaluated on 1-year transplant-free survival (p=0.011). Patients reclassified with cardiac sarcoidosis had better 1-year transplant-free survival (82% vs. 45%, P=0.011) and less heart failure at presentation than those with true giant cell myocarditis.