Transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) are produced using a bottom-up approach. Hydrophobically coated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are assembled within surfactant monolayer templates formed at the air/water interface. The Au NP network is then transferred onto solid substrates and becomes scaffolding for further gold enhancement. The resultant thin films exhibit excellent transparency and electrical conductivity from nanometer to centimeter scales.
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Morag et al. (2011) studied this question.
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