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Electrochemical oxidation causes the lifting of Pt atoms of the surface layer, substantiating a place-exchange mechanism. Furthermore, for a charge transfer of ≲1.7e−/Pt atom, the flat surface is recovered by reduction, while the surface is irreversibly roughened by more excessive oxidation. Roughening involves only the atoms in the top layer.
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You et al. (1994) studied this question.
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