Polymers based on triphenylamine: synthesis, properties, and applications

Triphenylamine-based conjugated polymers are a class of organic semiconductor compounds used in a variety of devices in the field of organic and hybrid optoelectronics, owing to a number of properties such as high hole mobility, efficient luminescence, high stability, and the ability to form films from solutions. The modern methods of organic and polymer synthesis make it possible to implement a variety of molecular designs for these polymers, ranging from simple conjugated macromolecules to intricate branched and cross-linked copolymers. This review analyzes the currently existing diversity of triphenylamine-based polymer structures, proposes their classification for the first time, considers the main approaches to the polymer synthesis, and, using numerous examples, demonstrates how the properties of such materials can be tuned using molecular design. Examples of application of these polymers in various modern devices are given, including perovskite solar cells, metal-ion batteries, electrochromic devices, organic light-emitting diodes, and sensors of various types. The bibliography includes 281 references.