Key result
Type 1 diabetes was associated with significantly increased carotid intima-media thickness (0.52 vs 0.47 mm) and decreased insulin sensitivity, which were inversely correlated.
Why the study?
Is insulin resistance associated with early signs of atherosclerosis (cIMT) in non-obese adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes?
Cross-Sectional (n=40)
Single-blind
No
Is insulin resistance associated with early signs of atherosclerosis (cIMT) in non-obese adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes?
In non-obese adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness, an early surrogate marker of atherosclerosis.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May signal early vascular risk in type 1 diabetes youth; hypothesis-generating for insulin sensitization trials.
BACKGROUND: Patients with type 1 diabetes have a substantial risk of developing cardiovascular complications early in life. We aimed to explore the role of insulin sensitivity (Si) as an early factor of atherosclerosis in young type 1 diabetes vs. non-diabetic subjects. METHODS: Forty adolescent and young adult individuals (20 type 1 diabetics and 20 non-diabetics), age 14-20 years, without characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, participated in this cross-sectional study. After an overnight fast, Si was measured by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2) and calculated by glucose infusion rate (GIR). Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured in the common carotid artery with high-resolution ultrasonography. Risk factors of atherosclerosis (Body mass index [BMI], waist circumference, systolic blood pressure [sBP], triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and HbA1c) were also investigated. RESULTS: cIMT was increased (0.52 ± 0.1 vs. 0.47 ± 0.1 mm, P < 0.01), whereas GIR was decreased (5.0 ± 2.1 vs. 7.1 ± 2.2 mg/kg/min, P < 0.01) in type 1 diabetics vs. non-diabetics. The differences in cIMT were negatively associated with Si (r = -0.4, P < 0.01) and positively associated with waist circumference (r = 0.34, P = 0.03), with no such associations between BMI (r = 0.15, P = 0.32), sBP (r = 0.09, P = 0.58), triglycerides (r = 0.07, P = 0.66), HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.10, P = 0.55) and HbA1c (r = 0.24, P = 0.13). In a multivariate regression model, between cIMT (dependent) and group (explanatory), only adjustment for Si affected the significance (ß = 0.08, P = 0.11) vs. (ß = 0.07, P < 0.01) for the whole model. No interaction between cIMT, groups and Si was observed. CONCLUSIONS: cIMT is increased and associated with insulin resistance in adolescent, non-obese type 1 diabetic subjects. Although, no conclusions toward a causal relationship can be drawn from current findings, insulin resistance emerges as an important factor reflecting early signs of atherosclerosis in this small cohort.
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Rathsman et al. (2012) conducted a cross-sectional in Type 1 diabetes (n=40). Type 1 diabetes vs. Non-diabetic healthy controls was evaluated on Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) (p=<0.01). Type 1 diabetes was associated with significantly increased carotid intima-media thickness (0.52 vs 0.47 mm) and decreased insulin sensitivity, which were inversely correlated.
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