The role of a playful approach in developing entrepreneurial self-efficacy: mediating effect of entrepreneurial learning and moderating effect of the family context

This study explores new sources of entrepreneurial self-efficacy focusing on play and learning. The study also considers the influence of the family context on this relationship. While extensive research has explored the origins of self-efficacy beliefs, we know little about the combined effects of emotions and cognitions. Building on social cognitive theory, we explore (a) the effect of a playful approach on forming entrepreneurial self-efficacy beliefs; (b) the mediating role of entrepreneurial learning; and (c) the moderating effects of marital status and offspring. We collected data through a survey with 349 entrepreneurs. Results indicate that playful approach has a significant and positive impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy beliefs and that entrepreneurial learning mediates it. A moderated relationship is also observed such that, for single entrepreneurs, playful approach has a stronger influence on entrepreneurial learning, influencing entrepreneurial self-efficacy beliefs. Results are discussed in terms of implication for theory and practice.