Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Advances in video technology have enabled the incorporation of high-resolution electronic imaging of an operative field during microneurosurgical and endoscopic procedures. While current video-based monoscopic camera and monitor systems produce an excellent image, the third dimension is lacking and the operative field and image are at different locations. We describe a head-mounted display (HMD) that allows the surgical team to simultaneously visualize a surgical field and a high-resolution magnified stereoscopic image which includes a picture-in-picture capability. Stereoscopic HMDs should result in improved efficiency and safety in both endoscopic and open microsurgical procedures. Additional uses relate to surgical training and operative rehearsals.
Chen et al. (1998) studied this question.