In this letter, empirical with analytical methodology to decode-and-forward packets over aboveground-to-underground-to-aboveground systems in the wireless underground sensor network environment is corroborated. Multiple-input-multiple-output ultrawideband (MIMO-UWB) radio frequency links were empirically characterized and exploited using microbit moisture-measuring white light-emitting diodes in different volumetric water content and orientation depths. Relay-routing and selection using the novel maximum available channel capacity technique was accomplished. The simulation performance demonstrates relay-routing and selection impacts on channel conditions, overall outage probability, transmission power, and energy consumption, without depreciated aggregate system throughput.
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Nwadiugwu et al. (2021) studied this question.
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