Lucille F. Stickel, William H. Stickel, Frederick C. Schmid, Ecology of a Maryland Population of Black Rat Snakes (Elaphe o. obsoleta), The American Midland Naturalist, Vol. 103, No. 1 (Jan., 1980), pp. 1-14
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Stickel et al. (1980) studied this question.
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