Examining the scarcity of oncology healthcare providers in cancer management: A case study of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa

Background The scarcity of oncology specialists poses a significant challenge globally, particularly in regions with limited healthcare resources. This leads to delayed diagnoses and disparities in care. The shortage of oncology services disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, leading to delays in diagnosis, treatment, and poorer outcomes. Aim This study investigates the implications of oncology resource scarcity, focusing on South Africa’s Eastern Cape province, aiming to analyse challenges, interventions, and lessons from other countries. Method This review study employed a mixed-method research design encompassing an empirical literature review and case study approach. It drew on existing research and data to analyse the impact of oncology resource scarcity on patient care. Results Cancer-related mortality in the province remains considerable, with lung cancer emerging as a leading cause, underscoring the need for comprehensive cancer control strategies. Infrastructure disparities between urban and rural areas compound the challenges, with limited access to oncology facilities and specialists in remote regions. Conclusion Urgent action is needed to address oncology resource scarcity to improve cancer care outcomes, particularly in underserved regions. Targeted interventions and lessons from other countries can enhance access to quality oncology services and reduce disparities in care. Contribution This study’s findings have significant implications for South African health policy, particularly regarding the urgent scarcity of oncology resources. The critical shortage of oncology specialists in underserved areas like the Eastern Cape underscores the necessity for a comprehensive strategy to enhance cancer care.