Enhanced Raman Scattering of Rhodamine 6G Films on Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Correlated to Photoinduced Charge Transfer

We studied the surface-enhanced Raman scattering of an organic fluoropore (Rhodamine 6G, R6G) monolayer adsorbed onto graphene and two-dimensional (2D) molybedenium disulfides (MoS2) phototransistors and compared the results with the Raman scattering of R6G on 2D tungsten diselenides system (WSe2). The Raman enhancement factor of the R6G film adsorbed onto WSe2 was comparable to the corresponding value on graphene at 1365 cm–1 and was approximately twice this value at 615 cm–1. The amplitude of the charge transfer was estimated in situ by measuring the photocurrent produced in a hybrid system consisting of physisorbed R6G layer and the 2D materials. We found that the enhanced Raman scattering of R6G adsorbed onto the 2D materials was closely correlated with the charge transfer between the adsorbed molecules and the 2D materials. We also revealed that the intensity of Raman scattering generally decreased as the layer number of the 2D materials increased. For the R6G on the MoS2 nanosheet, a single layer system provided a maximum Raman enhancement factor, and this value decreased pseudolinearly with the number of layers. By contrast, the Raman enhancement factor of the R6G on WSe2 was greatest for both the mono- and bilayers, and it decreased dramatically as the number of layers increased. We provide qualitative theoretical explanations for these trends based on the electric field enhancement for the multile Fresnel phases and energy band diagrams of both systems.