Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Mannich-type reactions in water can be carried out without the need for any added surfactants and organic solvents. The water-soluble calix[4]resorcinarene sulfonic acid, 2,8,14,20-tetramethyl-5,11,17,23-tetrakis(sulfomethyl)calix[4]resorcinarene, which functions as an efficient inverse phase-transfer catalyst, can be recovered as an aqueous solution and recycled after the simple extraction of the water-insoluble products.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Shimizu et al. (2006) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: