Dielectric relaxation in water. Computer simulations with the TIP4P potential

In this second paper in a series of systematic investigations seeking to relate the dielectric properties of water to the features of the intermolecular potential, extensive molecular dynamics simulations with the empirical TIP4P effective pair potential are compared with the experimental data for water as well as with the results reported previously for the MCY ab initio model. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant obtained for the two models is contrasted with the predictions of a Mori three-variable theory and analyzed in detail using a phenomenological description of dielectric relaxation. It is shown that both models are capable of reproducing all reorientational processes observed in the experimental spectrum. However, qualitative agreement with the experimental results for the Debye relaxation time and the static Kirkwood g-factor gK is only obtained with the TIP4P model, although the values are still too low and ∂gK/∂T has the wrong sign. The differences between the models are interpreted as being due to the different position chosen for the center of negative charge, and it is argued that moving the latter further towards the oxygen would, for simple rigid point charge models, yield considerably improved agreement with experiment.