How to Induce Drowsiness When Testing Driver Drowsiness and Attention Warning (DDAW) Systems

Driver drowsiness and attention warning systems are mandatory for new vehicles in the EU by 2022. Requirements for the test procedure for type approval are laid down in the Annex of EU regulation C/2021/2639. The aim of the presented study was to establish a robust test procedure that enables the collection of drowsy driving data in real traffic while accounting for safety and study ethics. Compared to other circadian timings, most participants reached the required drowsiness threshold when starting the test drive at 1 p.m. The drowsiness threshold of <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$>$ </tex-math> 7 defined by the EU regulation was considered suitable.