Investigational treatments for Type 2 diabetes mellitus: exenatide and liraglutide

Although a number of compounds are currently used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus, achieving a sustained glycaemic control over time is often not possible using oral antidiabetics. Endogenous incretins exhibit beneficial effects that could be useful for Type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment, such as stimulating insulin secretion during hyperglycaemia, improving β-cell mass and function, reducing glucagon secretion, delaying gastric emptying, reducing postprandial hyperglycaemia and diminishing body weight; however, their short half-life makes them unsuitable for treatment. Incretin mimetics such as liraglutide and exenatide were developed to overcome this limitation. This review discusses the effects of these compounds and their potential as a new class of antidiabetic agents.