Attachment of hydrophobic groups to RNA is challenging because of their poor aqueous solubility. One-step acylation of RNA 2'-OH groups in water using a water-soluble imidazole leaving group is described. The effect of the hydrophobic groups on hybridization is reported. Furthermore, propargyl-functionalized RNA is shown to be readily labeled with a fluorophore. Lastly, heptyl-functionalized RNA is found to exhibit the unusual property of solubility in organic solvents.
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Velema et al. (2018) studied this question.
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