A hybrid algorithm combines a quasi-Newton and a genetic algorithm for the optimal expansion of energy distribution systems. The quasi-Newton procedure actuates in the search for optimal substation location co-ordinates, and the genetic algorithm procedure actuates in the design of optimal network topologies. Both searches are performed jointly in the proposed methodology. The costs of facility installation, maintenance and energy losses are considered. The algorithm has been applied in a real energy distribution system expansion problem.
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Carrano et al. (2005) studied this question.
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