Differentiating Performance Approach Goals and Their Unique Effects

The study differentiates between two types of performance approach goals (competence demonstration performance approach goal and normative performance approach goal) by examining their unique effects on self-efficacy, interest, and fear of failure. Seventy-nine students completed questionnaires that measure performance approach goals, self-efficacy, interest, and fear of failure. Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used to examine effects of each performance approach goal on the outcomes. Normative performance approach goal had a significant positive effect on self-efficacy and interest, but had no effect on fear of failure. In contrast, competence demonstration performance approach goal had a significant positive effect on fear of failure, but was not related to self-efficacy and interest. Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of the findings are discussed.