Key result
Alternative energy sources for surgical atrial ablation face epicardial application obstacles primarily due to the heat sink effect of endocardial blood.
This review highlights the mechanisms and challenges of various alternative energy sources used for surgical atrial ablation.
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Heat sink effects may limit epicardial ablation success; leaves open further device modifications for beating-heart AF procedures.
Williams et al. (2004) conducted a review in Surgical Atrial Ablation. Alternative energy sources (cryoablation, radiofrequency, microwave, laser, focused ultrasound) was evaluated. Alternative energy sources for surgical atrial ablation face epicardial application obstacles primarily due to the heat sink effect of endocardial blood.
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