Why the study?
Increasing reports of psychological, behavioral, and cognitive sequelae in COVID-19 survivors motivated an assessment of the neurological effects and neurotropic behavior of the coronavirus.
Does COVID-19 recovery cause alterations in brain susceptibility values compared to healthy controls?
Case-Control (n=76)
No
Does COVID-19 recovery cause alterations in brain susceptibility values compared to healthy controls?
p-value: p=<0.05
COVID-19 recovery is associated with significant microvascular or edematous alterations in the frontal lobe and brainstem on SWI MRI, which correlate with the severity of post-COVID fatigue.
SWI susceptibility changes associate with post-COVID fatigue; hypothesis-generating and requires longitudinal studies before clinical relevance.
The increasing number of reports of mild to severe psychological, behavioral, and cognitive sequelae in COVID-19 survivors motivates a need for a thorough assessment of the neurological effects of the disease. In this regard, we have conducted a neuroimaging study to understand the neurotropic behavior of the coronavirus. We hypothesize that the COVID recovered subjects have developed alterations in the brain which can be measured through susceptibility differences in various regions of brain when compared to healthy controls (HCs). Hence we performed our investigations on susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) volumes. Fatigue, being of the most common symptoms of Long COVID has also been studied in this work. SWI volumes of 46 COVID and 30 HCs were included in this study. The COVID patients were imaged within six months of their recovery. We performed unpaired two-sample t-test over the pre-processed SWI volumes of both the groups and multiple linear regression was performed to observe group differences and correlation of fatigue with SWI values. The group analysis showed that COVID recovered subjects had significantly higher susceptibility imaging values in regions of the frontal lobe and the brain stem. The clusters obtained in the frontal lobe primarily show differences in the white matter regions. The COVID group also demonstrated significantly higher fatigue levels than the HC group. The regression analysis on the COVID group yielded clusters in anterior cingulate gyrus and midbrain which exhibited negative correlations with fatigue scores. This study suggests an association of Long COVID with prolonged effects on the brain and also indicates the viability of SWI modality for analysis of post-COVID symptoms. Highlights Susceptibility weighted imaging is used for neuroimaging study of Long COVID. A group-level study is performed to analyze the effects of COVID on the brain. COVID survivors showed susceptibility differences in the frontal lobe and brainstem. Analyzed the relationship between MRI data of COVID survivors and fatigue scores.
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Mishra et al. (2022) conducted a case-control in COVID-19 recovered (Long COVID) (n=76). Prior COVID-19 infection vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) values (p=<0.05).
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