Synergistic formulation of garlic oil and cashew nut shell liquid for managing early blight disease in tomato

A novel synergistic botanical formulation comprising garlic oil and cashew nut shell liquid was developed using spontaneous emulsification methodology as a sustainable alternative for management of early blight disease. Based on the stability studies, GCNE (5%) comprising of garlic oil, surfactants, cashew nut shell liquid and water in ratio of 5:10:10:75 were optimum for developing stable nano-emulsion. The particle size of nanoemlusion with 5% cashew nut shell liquid was 25.15 nm, poly dispersity index (PDI) 0.238 and zeta potential 33.03 mV. The developed nano-emlusion GCNE (5%) was more effective in controlling Alterineriasolani, the causative agent of early blight of tomato under in-vitro and field conditions in comparison to bulk garlic oil, cashew nut shell liquid and garlic nano-emlusion. The formulation developed showed synergism and ready mix of developed nano-emlusion showed better synergism in comparison to tank mix.