On observations of the cosmic radiation background

Extant models to explain the observed anisotropies in the microwave and X-ray background have been of the 'clump' type: the earth is falling toward a density enhancement of large scale in an otherwise homogeneous cosmology. This paper presents alternate models in which the anisotropies are true relics of the very early history of the universe, and in which the microwave dipole observations in particular are the result of amplification mechanisms in essentially homogeneous models. One of the models considered is an open, slightly anisotropic universe with very small density. It predicts - apparently consistently with observations - quadrupole X-ray anisotropy together with dipole microwave anisotropy.