Review evaluates challenges in renal replacement therapies for chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases, highlighting implications for treatment.
Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome integrates the strong interrelationship among cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic risk factors such as obesity and diabetes. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is considered an essential component of management in advanced CKD. Kidney failure has unique therapeutic and prognostic challenges, particularly with co-existence of heart failure, ischemic heart disease and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we aim to evaluate challenges and therapeutic considerations in dialytic therapies and kidney transplantation in patients with CKM syndrome.
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Mashayekhi et al. (2026) studied this question.
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