Graphis epigraphis, a new, genuinely lichenicolous,adelphoparasitic species on Graphis, with a comparative surveyof lichenicolous Graphidales (Graphidaceae,Gomphillaceae)

Graphis epigraphis is described from Colombia as only thesecond, genuinely lichenicolous species in theGraphis-Allographa complex inGraphidaceae. It grows on species ofGraphis s. str., thus far found on thalli of G.leptoclada and G. pinicola. The new species ischaracterized by the lirellate ascomata forming delicate, stellately branchedpatches on the host, the entire, black labia laterally covered by a thinthalline margin formed by the host thallus, the laterally carbonized excipulum,and mostly 5-septate ascospores. The only other lichenicolous species known inthis complex, Allographa pauciloculata, differing in itscompletely carbonized excipulum and partly submuriform ascospores, grows onthalli of A. anomala and is known from Great Britain, whereasG. epigraphis was found in the tropical dry forest regionof the Magdalena Valley in Colombia. We performed morphology-based phylogeneticbinning to confirm the genus-level placement of both species inGraphis and Allographa, respectively. Acomparative survey of lichenicolous Graphidaceae andGomphillaceae (Graphidales) is given.