Changes in Lower Limb Muscle Structure, Balance Ability, and Cognitive Function Following Elastic Resistance–Based Progressive Training in Children with Spastic Diplegia

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) using elastic bands on the lowerextremity muscle structure, balance, and cognitive function in children with spastic diplegia.METHODS: Sixteen children were assigned to a progressive resistance training group (PRT, n = 8) or a control group (n = 8).Each group participated in 30-minute physical therapy sessions, three times per week for eight weeks.The PRT group received elastic band-based progressive resistance training, whereas the control group received conventional physical therapy.The lower-extremity muscle structure was assessed using ultrasonography by measuring the muscle thickness of the rectus femoris, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius.The balance ability was evaluated from the plantar pressure and the rectangular area of sway.The cognitive function was