Pakistan: Vanished Livelihoods. Reverberations of Civil War in Swat

This case study relies on primary data from a household survey conducted in conflict-af fected Swat. The methodology consists of a two-step procedure. First, the k-means clustering tool validates the household classification in Swat. Second, we identify asset-base (human, physical, so cial, natural, and financial) constraints in pursuing alternative high-return and sustainable liveli hood possibilities. The specific limitations in human and financial capital are observed. We high light priority improvements in wide-ranging infrastructural necessities. These have strong potential to make household livelihood choices sustainable again. Such sustainability is likely to diminish their chances of sympathizing with and joining militants again. If not, they may fall under their strong influence again.