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We discuss Refaster, a tool that uses normal, compilable before-and-after examples of Java code to specify a Java refactoring. Refaster has been used successfully by the Java Core Libraries Team at Google to perform a wide variety of refactorings across Google's massive Java codebase. Our main contribution is that a large class of useful refactorings can be expressed in pure Java, without a specialized DSL, while keeping the tool easily accessible to average Java developers.
Louis R. Wasserman (Sun,) studied this question.