Brain signatures of error awareness during cognitive tasks for humans in the flight environment

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Experiment and task design. When volunteers and pilots perform double-choice oddball tasks on the ground or flight environment, EEG was recorded at the same time.

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  FIGURE 2. Results of the average ERSP. ERSP plot with masked unsignificant reactions (green area) shows values averaged for the whole group in each experiment. (A–C) Show the ERSP results from volunteers tested on the ground cabin, pilots tested on the ground cabin, and pilots tested in the flight environment, respectively.

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  FIGURE 3. ERP amplitude of multiple error awareness in volunteers’ ground experiment (n = 78). The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (***p < 0.0001).

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  FIGURE 4. ERSP/ERD of multiple error awareness on the region of interest (n = 78). The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (**p < 0.001).

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  FIGURE 5. Power spectral density corresponds to multiple error awareness in each frequency band (n = 78). The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (**p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001).

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  FIGURE 6. Differences in Pe (300–400) between pilots and volunteers in multiple error awareness on the ground or in flight environment. The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the white horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (**p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001).

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  FIGURE 7. Differences in Pe (400–500) between pilots and volunteers in multiple error awareness on the ground or in flight environment. The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the white horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (**p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001).

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  FIGURE 8. Differences in α-ERS between pilots and volunteers in multiple error awareness on the ground or in flight environment. The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the white horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (**p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001).

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  FIGURE 9. Differences in α-frequency band between pilots and volunteers in multiple error awareness on the ground or in flight environment. The squares in the box plots indicated the mean values, the white horizontal lines indicated the medians, and both ends indicated the maximum and minimum values (*p < 0.05, ***p < 0.0001).