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Abstract Industrialization has significantly enhanced global living standards, but it has also led to pressing environmental challenges, especially in waste-intensive industries. Industrial Symbiosis (IS) presents a strategic approach for converting waste into valuable resources through inter-firm collaboration. However, its widespread adoption is hindered by limited stakeholder engagement and complex implementation barriers. This study aims to explore how collaborative mechanisms among stakeholders can drive IS practices, using the textile, apparel, and clothing (TAC) industry as a case example. A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis of 90 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus (2020–2024) were conducted to uncover research trends, stakeholder roles, material topics, and opportunities. Results indicate that IS in the TAC sector enables effective waste-to-resource transformation, supports circular supply chains, and fosters stakeholder-driven innovation. Key contributions include a practical framework for identifying symbiotic practices, strategies to overcome stakeholder challenges, and actionable insights transferable to other waste-intensive sectors. This research offers guidance for building sustainable industrial ecosystems and accelerating sectoral transformation through IS.
Kuo et al. (Tue,) studied this question.