Statistical Optimized Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Optical Properties of Copper Nanostructures for Hyperthermia: A Comparison of Structures

Optimizing the optical and thermal properties of nanostructured materials is important for applications in electronics, medical devices, drug delivery, photonics, and hyperthermia, among others. In this work, three nanostructures, namely copper nanocube (CuNC), copper nanoellipsoid (CuNE), and copper nanocone (CuNCone), were numerically investigated for their optical and thermal responses using the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation tool. These responses were also optimized statistically for hyperthermia using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). Optical measurements revealed a maximum absorption cross-section of 1.56 × 10 -14 m 2 for CuNCone at a wavelength of 615 nm. Thermal measurements confirmed that CuNC can produce an effective thermal response of 45.3 °C, which is considered suitable for hyperthermia treatment. Based on statistical analysis, runs 7 and 15 of the design for CuNC and CuNE resulted in a maximum heat generation of 55.4 °C, which is significantly higher than the safe temperature limit for hyperthermia. The CuNC produced a highly acceptable hyperthermia temperature of 45.4 °C under optimized conditions with W cube = 40 nm, D cube = 41 nm, and I intensity = 10 8 W/m 2 .