Biocomposites manufactured by fused filaments fabrication: design, characterization and possible applications as construction materials

The development of alternative materials for use in the construction sector requires the implementation of new manufacturing methods. In this context, additive manufacturing has emerged as a technically viable alternative for the design and manufacture of biocomposite materials. However, the mechanical behavior of these materials is governed by the type of reinforcing fiber and the specimen’s printing conditions. In this investigation, the effect of parameters affecting the mechanical performance of biocomposites produced through fused-filament fabrication (FFF) was evaluated. Filaments consisting of a mixture of 90% polylactic acid (PLA) and 10% pulverized vegetal fibers were obtained by an extrusion process. Three plant species typical of the Amazon region were used as reinforcement: Guadua angustifolia Kunth (GAK) , Heteropsis flexuosa (HF), and Salix viminalis (SV). The morphological, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of the biofilaments were analyzed. The results were compared with those obtained for neat filaments. For each type of filament, beams were printed while varying the infill density between 25% and 75%. Three infill patterns were used: linear, concentric, and gyroid. The static bending strength (MOR), the elasticity modulus (MOE), and the dimensional stability (Sw) were determined. The biocomposite was evaluated, based on the experimental results, as a potential substitute for conventional wood particle panels in structural and non-structural applications under both humid and dry conditions.