Mixed methods analysis of the cultural acceptability and competence of SNAP in Rhode Island and Connecticut

Objective This mixed-method study examined Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participants' perceptions of cultural acceptability and competence. Methods In Summer 2023 and 2024, 678 and 462 SNAP participants, respectively, living in Rhode Island or Connecticut enrolled in the study. Participants completed an online questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions about perceived cultural barriers. We analyzed closed-ended questions quantitatively to assess the frequency of reported cultural barriers and used content analysis to analyze open-ended responses. Results Most participants (95%) reported being able to buy foods that fit within their culture using SNAP benefits and most felt (89%) that their cultural backgrounds were respected when using and enrolling in SNAP. Participants identified grocery stores' wide availability of foods as a facilitator for cultural acceptability. Most participants felt their cultural background is respected when using SNAP. However, among participants reporting cultural barriers, such concerns were intertwined with other structural barriers like cost, lack of transportation, and stigma. Some participants reported that cultural factors were a nonissue as they identified as “lacking culture”. Conclusion This study offers an insightful glimpse into how the identities of SNAP participants impact their experience with the program and indicate that most participants perceive SNAP as culturally acceptable and competent.