Light‐Driven Antibiotic Degradation With Bi ₂ Sn ₂ O ₇ /ZnO Composites

Bi 2 Sn 2 O 7 /ZnO composites were synthesized via a hydrothermal method. Photocatalytic performance was evaluated by degrading rhodamine B (RhB) and doxycycline (DOXY) under 35 W LED and natural sunlight. The 1:3 composite (1000 mg/L) showed optimal activity, achieving degradation rates of 83.13% (RhB) and 79.8% (DOXY) within 180 min under LED light, and 84.21% and 78.41% under sunlight, respectively. Integration with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) significantly enhanced DOXY degradation to 91.25%. The composite exhibited robust stability, maintaining >80% (RhB) and >70% (DOXY) efficiency after five cycles. In diluted livestock wastewater treatment, removal rates reached 48.47% (total nitrogen), 85.52% (total phosphorus), and 75.38% (COD) within 300 min. Radical trapping experiments identified photogenerated electrons (e − ), holes (h + ), and superoxide radicals (·O 2 − ) as the primary active species. Furthermore, MTT assays confirmed no cytotoxicity toward L929 cells. This study presents an efficient, stable, and eco‐friendly photocatalyst with significant potential for wastewater remediation.