Usefulness of serum creatinine-to-albumin ratio for 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation: A retrospective study based on the MIMIC-IV database

Figures

• 

  Figure 1.. The flowchart of patient selection in this study. CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio, ICU = intensive care unit, MIMIC-IV = Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV.

• 

  Figure 2.. Determination of the optimal critical threshold for the CAR via X-tile analysis. (A) The left panel shows the X-tile plot specifically for critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation, with the optimal cutoff points marked by black circles. (B) These cutoff values are further illustrated in the histogram located in the middle panel. (C) In addition, the Kaplan–Meier survival curve is displayed in the right panel to provide a visual representation of the survival analysis. CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio.

• 

  Figure 3.. (A) Kaplan–Meier survival curves for the high- and low-CAR groups. (B) CAR predicts 28-day mortality in atrial fibrillation. AUC = area under the curve, CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio, ROC = receiver operating characteristic curve.

• 

  Figure 4.. Identification of vital factors correlated with 28-day mortality among critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation utilizing LASSO logistic regression analysis. (A) Examination of the variable coefficient’s variability patterns. (B) Optimization of the LASSO regression model’s λ parameter through a rigorous cross-validation approach. LASSO = least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.

• 

  Figure 5.. The nomogram displays the scoring system of the predictive model for 28-day mortality among critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation. CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio, CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index, SAPS II = Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA = Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, WBC = white blood cell.

• 

  Figure 6.. (A) ROC curve analysis of the nomogram for 28-day mortality prediction. (B) The calibration curve for predicting 28-day mortality. (C) DCA of the nomogram to predict 28-day mortality. AUC = area under the curve, CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio, DCA = decision curve analysis, ROC = receiver operating characteristic curve.

• 

  Figure 7.. RCS curve analysis for the CAR and 28-day mortality. CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio, CI = confidence interval, RCS = restricted cubic spline.

• 

  Figure 8.. The forest plot of the subgroup analysis for the CAR and 28-day all-cause mortality among critically ill patients with atrial fibrillation. CAR = creatinine-to-albumin ratio, CI = confidence interval, F = female, HR = hazard ratio, M = male.