Emotional Intelligence: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Measurement, Applications, and Future Directions

Emotional Intelligence (EI) has emerged as a significant construct in psychology, education, and organizational studies. Defined broadly as the ability to perceive, understand, regulate, and use emotions effectively, EI extends beyond cognitive intelligence (IQ) and contributes to personal well-being, academic achievement, leadership effectiveness, and workplace performance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the theoretical foundations of EI, major models and measurement tools, empirical findings in educational and organizational settings, its relationship with mental health, and strategies for development. Drawing upon interdisciplinary research, the paper argues that Emotional Intelligence is a critical determinant of holistic success and should be systematically integrated into educational curricula and professional development frameworks