Broccoli-derived nanovesicles protect against UVB-induced skin photoaging via integrated transcriptomic and proteomic reprogramming of redox and extracellular matrix homeostasis

Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation is a major environmental factor driving skin photoaging by disrupting redox balance, activating inflammatory cascades, and accelerating extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Although plant-derived nanovesicles have emerged as promising bioactive delivery systems, their regulatory mechanisms in skin homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of broccoli-derived nanovesicles (BDNVs) against UVB-induced skin photoaging in vitro and in vivo . BDNVs effectively reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, restored proliferation and migration capacity of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), and attenuated inflammatory cytokine expression and matrix metalloproteinase activation. In a UVB-induced mouse model, topical administration of BDNVs alleviated epidermal hyperplasia and preserved dermal collagen integrity. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were performed on dorsal skin tissues from PBS- and BDNVs-treated mice. Multi-omics profiling revealed coordinated reprogramming of gene and protein expression associated with oxidative stress response, inflammatory signaling, and extracellular matrix organization. Enrichment analyses identified significant modulation of redox regulatory pathways, cytokine-mediated signaling, and ECM remodeling networks, suggesting that BDNVs act through multi-layered regulatory mechanisms rather than a single molecular target. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BDNVs mitigate UVB-induced skin photoaging by restoring redox–inflammatory–ECM homeostasis through coordinated transcriptomic and proteomic regulation. This study provides mechanistic insight into plant-derived nanovesicles as natural nano-biomaterials for skin regenerative and anti-photoaging applications.