During the era of colonial expansion, the European colonizers, backed by the military power of their imperial forces, carried their law to the colonized world. They even set up extraterritorial courts in the non-European colonial territories or in formally independent (but de facto not so) countries to exercise jurisdiction over European subjects. 1 This was a form of “legal imperialism” as defined by Turan Kayaoğlu: “the extension of a state’s legal authority into another state and limitation of legal authority of the target state over issues that may affect people, commercial interest, and security of the imperial state.” 2 In the contemporary era, powerful countries need not carry guns or set up extraterritorial courts in overseas territories; their laws often have reach well beyond their territories. Thus, smaller states have tended to perceive broad assertions of extraterritorial jurisdiction by the Global North as a form of regulation not only of the activities of individual or corporate actors but of the states of the Global South themselves. 3
Md. Rizwanul Islam (Thu,) studied this question.