This article presents a critical–propositional analysis of Subhajit Waugh’s Shape and Size of the Universe: Challenging the Standard Model of Cosmology, in dialogue with the Theory of Objectivity (TO) developed by Vidamor Cabannas and Denivaldo Silva. The study examines Waugh’s hyper-balloon universe model, according to which the universe is a finite, closed, positively curved three-dimensional hypersurface embedded in a four-dimensional hyperspace, expanding radially at velocity . The analysis confronts this proposal with the modal axioms of the Theory of Objectivity, its phenomenic elements, Inducer Effects, cosmogonic theorem, and cosmological Eras. Special attention is given to the compatibility between Waugh’s rejection of the Big Bang singularity and TO’s modal critique of singular origin, as well as to the convergence between the hyper-balloon model, the logic of boundary, cosmic finitude, spherical closure, and the distinction between the existential universe and infinity as a non-element. The article also discusses points of tension, especially the difference between Waugh’s geometric reinterpretation of Minkowski and FLRW metrics and TO’s modal-ontological foundation. It further considers the updated TO interpretation according to which the transcendent element is knowledge or information produced in atomic relations, equivalent to atomic radiations. The analysis received analytical support from ChatGPT. Keywords: Theory of Objectivity; Vidamor Cabannas; Denivaldo Silva; Subhajit Waugh; hyper-balloon universe; modal ontology; cosmology; finite universe; closed universe; cosmic boundary; Big Bang singularity; FLRW metric; Minkowski metric; Inducer Effects; cosmogonic theorem; cosmological Eras; phenomenic elements; atomic radiation; transcendent information; ChatGPT.
Cabannas et al. (Sun,) studied this question.