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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While it is well characterized in adults, little is known about the clinical features of neurofascin 155-IgG4 autoimmune nodopathy (NF155-IgG4 AN) in the pediatric population. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes in children diagnosed with neurofascin 155-IgG4 autoimmune nodopathy (NF155-IgG4 AN). METHODS: Pediatric and adult patients with NF155-IgG4 AN were identified retrospectively through the Mayo Clinic Neuroimmunology Laboratory database. RESULTS: = 0.038). Most pediatric patients (6/7) were IVIG refractory and responded to rituximab. Six patients had favorable outcomes after immunotherapy with improvement ≥1 in the Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment disability score. DISCUSSION: Pediatric patients with NF155-IgG4 AN display an aggressive disease course with rapid progression to disease nadir compared with adults. Sensory ataxia is less common in children, and they often respond to rituximab. It is crucial to consider autoimmune nodopathies in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients with suspected inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and to test for NF155-IgG4 antibodies because of their diagnostic and therapeutic implications. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class IV evidence that in pediatric patients with NF155-IgG4 AN who are refractory to IVIG, rituximab treatment provided some benefit.
Rashed et al. (Fri,) studied this question.