A Closed‐Loop Light‐Controlled Metasurface Enabling Autonomous UAV Tracking From Perception to Beam Steering

Metasurface technology offers a pathway to overcome the limitations of conventional parabolic antennas, such as their bulky volume and high profile. Intelligent metasurfaces, with their capability for dynamic control over electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation characteristics, along with programmable and adaptive features, demonstrate broad application potential in diverse communication scenarios. In this work, we propose an adaptive programmable metasurface system based on LED array control. The system consists of an LED array, a programmable metasurface, a GPS positioning module, and a processor, forming a closed‐loop control system. Through integrating photoresistors as active devices within the meta‐atoms, the system can utilize real‐time positional data acquired from the GPS module to parse UAV coordinates, generate corresponding coding sequences, and thereby control the LED array to produce the appropriate illumination pattern. As verification, we fabricated a prototype and conducted experimental tests including near‐field focusing and wireless communication. Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed metasurface can dynamically adjust the radiation direction and gain of the EM beam, effectively achieving near‐field beam focusing on UAV targets. Ultimately, this work establishes a fully adaptive metasurface system based on the “perception–decision–response” mechanism, thereby opening avenues for applications in information transmission, directional communication, and adaptive intelligent sensing.