Cultural and Intellectual Life in Ustrushana During the Early Middle Ages

This article examines the political, economic, cultural, and religious life of Ustrushana during the Early Middle Ages. It also investigates the spread of Buddhism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam within the region, highlighting the atmosphere of religious tolerance and the processes that contributed to the formation of Islamic civilization. Furthermore, the study explores Ustrushana’s role in the advancement of scholarship, particularly in the fields of hadith and Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh), as well as its contribution to the dissemination of the Hanafi school of law.