Collaborative Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Stable and Efficient Operation of Desert-Gobi-Wasteland Renewable Energy Bases: Framework and Challenges

Desert-Gobi-Wasteland (DGW) renewable energy bases are crucial for large-scale wind-solar integration in China, featuring huge capacity, high renewable penetration, weak grids and long-distance UHVDC delivery. However, the randomness and volatility of renewable generation, together with limited grid support, threaten their stable operation. Battery energy storage systems (BESS) with fast bidirectional regulation serve as a key technology to improve accommodation, system support and economic benefits. This paper reviews collaborative control technologies for BESS clusters in DGW bases. It elaborates a base-plant two-tier control architecture and proposes a spatial hierarchical and multi-time-scale framework, including base-level optimal scheduling and parameter tuning, plant-level AGC/AVC and fast voltage/frequency support. We summarize recent advances, analyze existing limitations, and provide a basis for further research and engineering applications.