Energy‐Efficient Design for Pinching‐Antenna System With Movement Energy Consumption

This letter studies the energy‐efficient design of a general pinching‐antenna system (PASS), where the pinching antenna (PA) closest to the target position is first electronically activated and then mechanically moved to that position on a small scale. By accounting for the time delay and energy consumption incurred by the mechanical movement of the pinching antennas (PAs), a transmission protocol with a finite block duration is established to capture the impact of PA movement delay and actuation energy on the overall energy efficiency. To address the resulting joint beamforming and PA position optimization problem, a double‐loop algorithm is developed to maximize the energy efficiency within a finite transmission block duration. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme effectively improves the energy efficiency of PASS and highlight the importance of incorporating PA movement energy consumption in mechanically actuated PASS.