The impact of physical exercise on rheumatoid arthritis in Sudanese patients: A prospective hospital-based study

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the small joints of the hands and feet, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced functional ability. Regular physical therapy and exercise play a vital role in managing symptoms, preserving mobility, and improving the quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise on patients with RA. METHODOLOGY: A prospective hospital-based study was conducted at an outpatient rheumatology clinic in a tertiary hospital over 2 months. Patients diagnosed with RA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria were included using a total coverage sampling method. Data were collected using the Health Assessment Questionnaire before and after a structured exercise program. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software version 25. RESULTS: Thirty-one participants completed the study (response rate 88.6%). Physical exercise significantly improved participants’ independence in daily activities ( P < 0.05) and pain management ( P = 0.009). Although improvements were seen in dressing, grooming, and hygiene scores, these were not statistically significant. A significant reduction in the use of canes was observed postintervention ( P = 0.0495), while the use of other assistive devices remained unchanged. Participants also reported decreased dependence on help for errands, housework, eating, and walking ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate that structured physical exercise interventions enhance functional ability, reduce pain, and minimize reliance on assistive devices among Sudanese RA patients. Incorporating regular exercise programs into standard RA management can substantially improve patients’ independence and overall quality of life.